Potential Emergency Situation: Need to go to vet
  • SYSTEM(S) EFFECTED:
    		•  Multiple
  • CAUSE(S):
    		• Abnormally high body temperature
  • TREATMENT:
    		• Supportive care
  • PREVENTION:
    		• Yes

General Description

Heat stroke or Hyperthermia occurs when your dog is unable to keep its body temperature below a healthy range. Because of the way dogs breathe and sweat, they are not very efficient temperature regulators. Dogs with flat noses such as pugs and bulldogs are extremely susceptible to heat stroke.

Sources & Cause(s)

Normal rectal temperature in an a companion animal is between 101.5°F to 102°F. Body temperatures above 104°F can be an indication of heat stroke. Body temperatures over 106°F are considered severe and may result in permanent damage or death. Severity of symptoms depends on duration and temperature. Although 106°F seems like a body temperature only achieved on a scorching hot day, there have been reports of severe heat stroke on moderately warm (70°F) days .

Signs & Symptoms

  • Rapid panting 
  • Skin that is hot to the touch 
  • Vomiting  Drooling
  • Loss of Coordination 
  • Collapse 
  • Unconsciousness 
  • Diarrhea 
  • Bright red tongue 
  • Dry or sticky gums

DIAGNOSIS & TESTS

Your veterinarian will be able to diagnose heatstroke upon presentation. These are some tests that your veterinarian may choose to run based on symptoms and the severity of those symptoms.

  • CBC/Chemistry Panel - These blood tests will evaluate various internal organ functions, including the heart, liver, kidneys, pancreas,   metabolism, and electrolyte balance. The CBC will measure the amount and different kinds of red and white blood cells are present in the bloodstream. 
  • Clotting Time - This blood test will determine if the body is clotting at a normal rate. Decreased clotting capabilities are often a result of heatstroke. This test may be performed several times during the recovery stage. 

TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT

OWNER FIRST-AID

The number one priority now is to cool your pet down. You will need to remove your pet from the heat immediately and try to cool their temperature using cool or tepid water (using cold water can cause the body to cool too quickly, and shock will set in). After you have thoroughly wet you pet with the lukewarm water, you can begin to increase the movement of air around them. This can be done by using a fan or if you are somewhere you don’t have access to one, just using some kind of object like a blanket to fan the air in order to create movement will work. It is very helpful to use a rectal thermometer and check the temperature every five minutes. Once the body temp has reached 103°F you will need to dry you pet and provide some cover so they do not continue to lose body heat. Once you have made your pet comfortable for travel, get them to the nearest veterinary hospital ASAP! NOTE: Even if it appears that your dog is recovering, it is still imperative that you are checked out by a veterinarian, as your dog may be dehydrated or be experience other complication secondary to heat stroke.

VETERINARY TREATMENT

Your veterinarian will use similar techniques to cool the body. Once the ideal temperature has been achieved, they will also likely want to provide supportive care. Supportive care may include the following:

  • Administer intravenous fluids to include sodium bicarbonates to not only control dehydration but also to balance hydration.
  • Assist your pet’s breathing by giving him oxygen
  • Regular rectal temperature checks to monitor any decrease or fluctuation in body temperature.
  • Provide an extensive amount of nursing care to keep your pet comfortable through the treatment process.

PREVENTION & HELPFUL TIPS

Heat stroke can be easily prevented if you take these precautions:

  • When in warm temperatures, always make sure your pet has shade and large amounts of fresh water
  • Constantly monitor your pets behavior in hot weather. Restriction of exercise may be necessary
  • Do not muzzle your dog in the heat or do anything that may restrict its breathing. Panting is their main method of temperature control.
  • Do not leave your dog in a parked car for any amount of time on a hot day, even if shaded or the windows are open. 
  • Some animals are more susceptible to heat stroke. Be aware of your pet’s predispositions and medical history.

If you notice a distressed animal in a hot parked car, contact animal control or the police immediately.


Written by: PetsMD Veterinary Editorial Staff