Calicivirus

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Calicivirus is a small viral particle that is a component of the upper respiratory complex infection seen in cats, or “cat flu”.  The Calicivirus in only infectious in the cat family.

SOURCE & CAUSE(S)

Cats that become infected with an upper respiratory complex are infected from exposure to other cats that are shedding the virus.  This can be done through any kind of direct-direct contact and from the exposure to respiratory droplets in the air.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

The following symptoms are commonly seen in cats that are suffering from the Feline Upper Respiratory Complex (which includes the Calicivirus):

• Fever
• Frequent Sneezing
• Conjunctivitis
• Nasal Discharge
• Eye Discharge
• Salivation
• Depression
• Lethargy
• Loss of Appetite
• Weight Loss
• Limping or Joint Pain-this is normally only seen when a particular strain of the Calicivirus is involved.

DIAGNOSIS & TESTS

The basis for making a definitive diagnosis is based on clinical signs and most importantly the vaccine history of your kitten or adult cat dog.  There is really not one diagnostic test that can be done to give a sure positive for Upper Respiratory Complex or Calicivirus.  Your veterinarian will rely heavily on a complete verbal medical history and description of signs and symptoms from you, and the evaluation of clinical symptoms your cat or kitten is presenting during a physical exam.  As well as a complete history describing vacciion information and environment that your cat or kitten has been exposed to since symptoms became present.

TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT

There is no cure for Calicivirus; therefore treatment consists of providing support therapy to address the symptoms that are being exhibited.  Your veterinarian will most likely admit your pet to the hospital under isolated conditions and provide the following:

• Administer anti-pyretic drugs to control fever.
• Administer antihistamines to control sneezing.
• Administer i.v. fluids to help control dehydration.
• Administering appropriate medication to treat any eye lesions or oral ulcers.
• Force feeding to ensure proper nutrition.  In many cases due the nasal symptoms, cats are not able to smell food; therefore they do not want to eat.  This is when force feeding becomes necessary.
• Administer antibiotics and possible steroids to treat pneumonia and other respiratory symptoms.
• Provide an extensive amount of nursing care to keep your pet comfortable through the disease process.

PREVENTION & HELPFUL TIPS

The best prevention is following your veterinarian’s recommended vaccine protocol.