Diaphragmatic Hernia

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

A diaphragmatic hernia is a tear or rupture in the sheet of muscle called the diaphragm. The diaphragm separates the abdomen from the lungs and chest cavity, and once ruptured, allows abdominal organs to pass through to the chest cavity. These intruding organs can push against the lungs making it difficult for your pet to breath or against the heart causing heart issues as well. Fluid from the abdomen may also flow through the tear into the chest, further crowding the cavity.

SOURCE & CAUSE(S)

A hernia of the diaphragm is most caused by trauma from car accidents, abusive trauma, or a hard fall.

Developing fetuses may have an underdeveloped diaphragm, which may lead to a hernia. The signs of this congenital form of diaphragmatic hernia may either be present at birth, but may also be non-existent until your pet is a few years of age. Weimeraner and Cocker Spaniel breeds seem to be particularly susceptible to the congenital form of this condition.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS 

• Labored breathing, especially under stress or during exercise
• Bloated belly
• Weight loss
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Pale tongue, gums, and nose

DIAGNOSIS & TESTS

Diagnosis begins with a complete history and a physical exam. Your veterinarian will be most likely do the following:

• Radiographs  - This may show a change in the shape of the diaphragm or a displacement of organs. Special dyes may be used to see more clearly.
• Ultrasound - This can be used in many diagnostic processes to determine abnormalities in your pet’s body. Ultrasounds use sound waves that bounce back producing an echo that measures the opacity of objects and produces a picture on the ultrasound machine.

If this is a trauma incident, your veterinarian may perform other tests such as blood tests or more intensive imaging

TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT

If your pet is diagnosed with a diaphragmatic hernia, measures will be taken to stabilize their condition. Intravenous fluids and oxygen may be used to help with dehydration and labored breathing. Your veterinarian may also perform a chest tap to remove any fluid crowding the chest cavity.

After stabilization, a large tear may need to be repaired with surgery. This is an intensive surgery that involves opening the chest, pushing the displaced organs back into the abdomen, and repairing the tear. In severe cases where the lungs are extremely crowded and cannot inflate fully, your veterinarian may choose to forgo stabilization and perform an emergency surgery.

PREVENTION & HELPFUL TIPS

While there is no way to prevent the congenital or fetal type of this condition, keeping your pet in a fenced yard or on a leash can prevent accidents. Do not allow your pet near open windows or on balconies with wide or short railings.